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- BOOKS, Page 75A Revolution in Many Voices
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- By SANDRA BURTON
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- LEGACIES: A CHINESE MOSAIC by Bette Bao Lord Knopf; 272 pages;
- $19.95
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- During the three years that China's door was opened widest
- to the world, American Ambassador Winston Lord and his wife
- turned their embassy residence into an exciting salon for
- Chinese intellectuals. To the delight of those artists and
- academics who were regulars, these gatherings offered American
- films, disco lessons and a rare place to talk freely to one
- another -- and to their effervescent hostess, Shanghai-born
- novelist Bette Bao Lord. Well before the advent of the democracy
- movement in Beijing, she began recording their uncensored life
- stories. Back in the U.S. after the crackdown, she spliced them
- together with recollections drawn from her own Chinese roots.
- The result is a vivid and startling mosaic of the political
- struggles that foreshadowed the Tiananmen Square uprising.
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- Rather than chronicling last spring's events, Lord
- concentrates on coming to terms with legacies from the past: her
- family's and China's. In her uncle Jieu Jieu, the wise peasant
- who boasts an "unwashable brain," Lord sees the best aspects of
- the masses in whose name the Chinese revolution was waged.
- Supremely pragmatic, Jieu Jieu never bought Chairman Mao's line
- that the Great Leap Forward of the 1950s would instantly
- catapult China into the ranks of industrialized countries. On
- the other hand, Lord broods over the dilemma of an elderly
- scholar whose Western education made him an outcast in a society
- that he resentfully characterizes as "of the peasant, by the
- peasant and for the peasant."
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- Lord's most indelible portraits involve the turbulent
- decade of the Cultural Revolution. An actress talks at length
- about being forced to drop out of a school for the gifted when
- her librarian father was accused of being a "rightist." She
- confesses to Lord that her resentment hardened into a "hate so
- unnatural that it could sever the bond between a loving father
- and a loving child." Not until she was sent to collect her
- father's ashes from the prison where he died did she come to see
- that it was the regime, not her father, that was the enemy.
- "Your father's ears were torn off," a prison official confided
- to her, giving the lie to the explanation that the death was a
- suicide.
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- Lord's quest to learn how a whole generation could have
- "thought it glorious to humiliate their elders . . . to report
- on family and friends; to storm strangers' homes; to hurt fellow
- Chinese without consideration of sex or age; to maim and kill"
- netted her two interviews with former members of the Red Guard.
- One of them, a historian, recounted how he bludgeoned his
- favorite teacher. As other students began hurling insults and
- then blows at the victim, the mild-mannered historian "imagined
- more and more eyes looking at me, demanding answers." Realizing
- that he would be stripped of his prized Red Guard armband if he
- failed to take part in the assault, he constructed a rationale
- to justify joining the brutality. His teacher's past devotion
- had been but a ruse to tar him as a fellow counterrevolutionary,
- he reasoned. He convinced himself that the manner in which the
- old man fell to his knees proved that he was guilty.
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- In her reflections on the democracy movement, Lord forsakes
- the realism of a diplomat for the romanticism of a novelist.
- "Until Li Peng's announcement of martial law, I had hoped
- against hope that Deng Xiaoping would walk into the Square; that
- cupped in his hands would be a peach, the symbol of longevity;
- that he would proffer it to the hunger strikers, young enough
- to be his great-grandchildren." With that one dramatic gesture,
- she argues, "he could have . . . won back the hearts that were
- once his." But days after she left China, the crackdown came,
- and Lord began weaving together the voices that so powerfully
- convey the legacies that the present leadership inherited, and
- the ones those leaders will bequeath.
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